What is Permanent Magnet Motor?
Permanent magnet motor is a type of motor that uses the magnetic field of permanent magnet rather than exciting winding in the motor.
Classification of Permanent Magnet Motor
Permanent magnet motor can be categorized into the permanent magnet generator and the permanent magnet electric motor on the basis of energy conversion forms between mechanical and electrical energy. Permanent magnet also can be classified into permanent magnet AC motor and permanent magnet DC motor depended on current form. For rare earth permanent magnet motor, micro and small motor mainly in DC form, and the motors with hundreds of watts of power are usually in AC form.
Permanent magnet DC motor fall into permanent magnet brush DC motor and permanent magnet brush less DC motor according to whether there is brush or not. Permanent magnet AC motor can be separated into the permanent magnet AC asynchronous motor and permanent magnet AC synchronous motor in accordance with the phase.
Through the field excitation of the permanent magnet, both power consumption and operational performance of the motor can be improved. Currently, over two-thirds of rare earth permanent magnets are used in the production of different kind of motors.
Permanent Magnet AC Motor
- Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator: single phase AC power supply, three phase AC power supply, auxiliary exciter and wind-driven generator.
- Permanent Magnet AC Speed Measuring Motor: speed measurement of flight, navigation, locomotive and lathe.
- Permanent Magnet Induction Generator: single phase medium frequency power supply.
- Ignition Magneto: ignition system of the internal combustion engine of the locomotive, train and aircraft.
- Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor: pumping unit, blowing machine, water pump and textile machine.
Permanent Magnet DC Motor
- Permanent Magnet DC Motor:micro-motor in the camera, domestic appliance, electronic industry, instrumentation and electrical toy.
- Permanent Magnet DC Servo Motor: automation and remote control system.
- Permanent Magnet DC Speed Measuring Motor: measuring revolution of various rotating parts.
- Permanent Magnet DC Torque Motor: elevator and aviation.
- Other Motors: including stepper motor, DC brush less motor, piezoelectric motor, hall motor and voice coil motor, and widely used in industrial automation, office automation, remote control system and computer peripherals.
I think the reluctance machine (motor and generator) in the Tesla 3 rear motor is a hybrid between a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a classic switched reluctance, which has no permanent magnets. BMW i3 motor is roughly similar. It”s a good solution, using both permanent magnet and reluctance (attraction of soft magnetic materials to magnetic fields) in appropriate places, and less expensive use of permanent magnets than a full pm motor. Most car companies will converge on this for all but the most extreme applications, such as maximum power hypercar with less regard to efficiency. I think the induction motors may handle more power (given a size constraint) but are less efficient (more electrical loss) at lighter loads. I”m not sure, but the front motor in the 3 dual motor might be induction. The Semi truck will be optimized for highway efficiency, as that means $$$ for its buyers.