Magnetic Unit Conversion Calculators

Magnetic flux is used to measure the quantity of magnetism, being the total number of magnetic field lines of force passing through a given area in a magnetic field. Magnetic flux density is amount of magnetic flux through unit area taken perpendicular to direction of magnetic flux. Magnetic flux density is related to magnetic field strength by B=μH. Magnetic flux density is a vector field which means it has a magnitude and direction at each point in space. Magnetic flux density is measured in Weber per square meter equivalent to Tesla (T). The SI unit and CGS unit for magnetic flux density are Tesla (T) and Gauss (Gs), respectively. 1 Tesla is equivalent to 10000 Gauss.

Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that a wire carrying current is able to deflect nearby magnetic needle in 1820, thus confirming the basic relationship between electricity and magnetism. It has been proved by practice that magnetic field strength generated around an infinite wire carrying current is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the wire. Magnetic field strength is generally defined as the vector H. Magnetic field strength of an infinite wire which carries 1 Ampere current at a distance of 1/(2π) meter from the wire can be defined as 1 Ampere per meter, A/m (SI unit). In honor of contributions of Hans Christian Oersted on electromagnetism, magnetic field strength of an infinite wire which carries 1 Ampere current at a distance of 0.2 centimeter from the wire is also defined as 1 Oersted, Oe (CGS unit). 1 Oe is equivalent to 1/(4π)x10³ A/m.

Each point on the normal curve or B-H curve has a value of B and a corresponding value of H, thereby, there is a product of B·H for each point on the curve. This product is referred as the energy product. The point where the product of B·H is maximum is termed the maximum energy point and the value of B·H at this point is the maximum energy product (BH)max. (BH)max is a single number that describe the magnetic energy stored in a permanent magnet and generally used to denote grade. (BH)max is expressed in kiloJoule per cubic meter, kJ/m³ (SI unit) or MegaGauss·Oersted, MGOe (CGS unit). 1 MGOe is equivalent to 7.958 kJ/m³. (BH)max is intuitive and convenient for comparing frequently-used sintered Neodymium magnet grades, or even between different permanent magnetic material.